Section 3: Menopause and Our Hormones

Menopause is a natural biological process that takes place when there’s a decrease in the production of the female hormones, namely, estrogen and progesterone, by the ovaries. 

Estrogen is a key hormone that regulates many functions in a woman’s body, including reproductive health, bone density, and even mood. During perimenopause (the phase before post-menopause), estrogen levels begin to fluctuate and gradually decline, leading to many common symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. This drop in estrogen can also affect vaginal health, causing dryness and discomfort, as well as impacting bone strength, increasing the risk of Osteoporosis.

Progesterone is another important hormone in the menstrual cycle. It plays a crucial role in regulating the lining of the uterus and balancing the effects of estrogen. As women approach menopause, progesterone levels also drop, contributing to irregular periods and changes in the menstrual cycle. This decline can lead to heavier or lighter periods before menstruation stops entirely. Progesterone is also linked to mood regulation, and its decrease may contribute to feelings of anxiety or sleep disturbances during this transition.

In addition to estrogen and progesterone, there are other “control hormones” that play a role in menopause, including:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): A control hormone produced by the pituitary gland that continues to be produced throughout life and

Luteinizing hormone (LH): A control hormone produced by the pituitary gland that the ovaries become less responsive to as menopause approaches.

While these all play a role in our transition through menopause, you’re probably most familiar with estrogen due to the crucial role it plays in regulating numerous bodily functions.

When estrogen levels decline, it affects everything from mood and sleep to bone health, heart health, and body temperature regulation.